The Spectrum of Knowledge focuses on how students deepen understanding by stretching the limits of what they know, what is known, and what can be discovered. 

The Spectrum of Perspective helps students connect their personal interests to the larger contexts of local and global stakeholders, promoting a deeper connection and empathy with those most impacted by the project.

In the Spectrum of Process, students progress from following structured steps to defining their own investigative approach, ultimately choosing a paradigm to guide their inquiry.

The Spectrum of Reflection specifically focuses on deepening the application of their innovations by moving students from guided debriefs to complex analysis of how to adapt the idea across diverse environments, demographics, or even disciplines. 

The Spectrum of Responsibility occurs throughout the process, encouraging students to continuously assess the broader implications of their work and consider their responsibility to future generations and the planet.

The Spectrum of Audiences invites students to refine their communication skills by considering the needs of different audiences, moving from self-focused presentations to engaging public and invested stakeholders.